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              <h2 id="学习笔记-Spring-MVC核心类与注解"><a href="#学习笔记-Spring-MVC核心类与注解" class="headerlink" title="学习笔记 : Spring MVC核心类与注解"></a>学习笔记 : Spring MVC核心类与注解</h2><h3 id="Controller-注解类型"><a href="#Controller-注解类型" class="headerlink" title="Controller 注解类型"></a>Controller 注解类型</h3><p><em>简介 : <code>org.springframework.stereotype.Controller</code>注解类型用于指示Spring类的实例是一个控制器,其注解形式为<code>@Controller</code>,使用该注解时只需要通过Spring的扫描机制找到标注了该注解的控制器即可,其操作如下 :</em></p>
<ol>
<li>在配置文件的声明中引入<code>spring-context</code>.</li>
<li>使用<code>&lt;context:component-scan&gt;</code>元素指定需要扫描的类包.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="RequestMapping-注解类型"><a href="#RequestMapping-注解类型" class="headerlink" title="RequestMapping 注解类型"></a>RequestMapping 注解类型</h3><p><em>简介 : Spring通过<code>@Controller</code>注解找到相应的控制器类后,还需要知道控制器内部对每一个请求是如何处理的,这时就需要使用<code>org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping</code>注解类型,该注解类型用于映射一个请求或一个方法,其注解形式为<code>@RequestMapping</code>,可以使用该注解标注在一个类或方法上.</em></p>
<ol>
<li>标注在方法上 : 该方法将成为一个请求处理方法,它会在程序接收到对应的URL请求时被调用.</li>
<li>标注在类上 : 该类中的所有方法都将映射为相对于类级别的请求,表示该控制器所处理的所有请求都被映射到value属性值所指的路径下.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="ViewResolver-视图解析器"><a href="#ViewResolver-视图解析器" class="headerlink" title="ViewResolver 视图解析器"></a>ViewResolver 视图解析器</h3><p><em>简介 : Spring MVC中视图解析器负责解析视图,可以通过在配置文件中定义一个ViewResolver来配置视图解析器.其配置如下 :</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 定义视图解析器 --&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"viewResolver"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 设置前缀 --&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"prefix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"/WEB-INF/view/"</span>/&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 设置后缀 --&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"suffix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">".jsp"</span>/&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">bean</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>



<h3 id="应用案例"><a href="#应用案例" class="headerlink" title="应用案例"></a>应用案例</h3><ol>
<li><p><em>web.xml</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">web-app</span> <span class="hljs-attr">xmlns:xsi</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span>
	<span class="hljs-attr">xmlns</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"</span>
	<span class="hljs-attr">xsi:schemaLocation</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"</span>
	<span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"WebApp_ID"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">version</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"4.0"</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">display-name</span>&gt;</span>springmvc_core<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">display-name</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">welcome-file-list</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">welcome-file</span>&gt;</span>index.jsp<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">welcome-file</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">welcome-file-list</span>&gt;</span>

	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">servlet</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 设置前端过滤器 --&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span>spring_mvc<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">servlet-class</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">servlet-class</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 初始化时加载配置文件 --&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">init-param</span>&gt;</span>
			<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">param-name</span>&gt;</span>contextConfigLocation<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">param-name</span>&gt;</span>
			<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">param-value</span>&gt;</span>classpath:springmvc-config.xml<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">param-value</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">init-param</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 容器启动时立即加载Servlet --&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">load-on-startup</span>&gt;</span>1<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">load-on-startup</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">servlet</span>&gt;</span>

	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">servlet-mapping</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span>spring_mvc<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">servlet-name</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">url-pattern</span>&gt;</span>/<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">url-pattern</span>&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">servlet-mapping</span>&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">web-app</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>springmvc-config.xml : Spring MVC配置文件</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;</span>
<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">beans</span> <span class="hljs-attr">xmlns</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"</span>
	<span class="hljs-attr">xmlns:xsi</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span>
	<span class="hljs-attr">xmlns:context</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"</span>
	<span class="hljs-attr">xsi:schemaLocation</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"</span>&gt;</span>

	<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 指定需要扫描的包 --&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">context:component-scan</span> <span class="hljs-attr">base-package</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"pers.huangyuhui.springmvc.controller"</span>/&gt;</span>
	
	<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 定义视图解析器 --&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"viewResolver"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"</span>&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 设置前缀 --&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"prefix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"/WEB-INF/view/"</span>/&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- 设置后缀 --&gt;</span>
		<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;<span class="hljs-name">property</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"suffix"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">".jsp"</span>/&gt;</span>
	<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">bean</span>&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/<span class="hljs-name">beans</span>&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>MyController.java : 控制器</em></p>
<div class="hljs"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.springmvc.controller;

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.springframework.ui.Model;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@ClassName</span>: FirstController
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@Description</span>: 控制器
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@author</span>: HuangYuhui
 * <span class="hljs-doctag">@date</span>: May 23, 2019 7:16:18 PM
 *
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@Controller</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 标注为控制器类</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="hljs-string">"/springmvc"</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// 映射请求方法</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyController</span> </span>&#123;

	<span class="hljs-meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="hljs-string">"/myController"</span>)
	<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">handleRequest</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Model model)</span> </span>&#123;

		<span class="hljs-comment">// 向模型对象中添加数据</span>
		model.addAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"msg"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Hi Spring MVC ~"</span>);

		<span class="hljs-comment">// 返回视图页面</span>
		<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">"hi-springmvc"</span>;
	&#125;

&#125;</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><em>在WebContent/WEB-INF/目录下新建view文件,并在其中新建<code>hi-springmvc.jsp</code>.</em></p>
</li>
<li><p><em>将项目发布到Tomcat服务器并启动,在浏览器中访问: <code>http://localhost:8080/springmvc_core/springmvc/myController</code> 即可发现页面显示运行结果 : <code>Hi Sping MVC ~</code></em></p>
</li>
</ol>

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